Washington – President Donald Trump signed the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026 on September 18, 2026, granting the administration expanded powers to punish countries that continue to import Russian energy.

Up to 100% Tariff Authority

The centerpiece of the law empowers the President to impose import duties of up to 100 % on goods originating from any nation that purchases Russian crude oil or natural gas in significant volumes. While the statute flags the world’s largest Russian‑energy buyers—most notably India and China—it does not automatically trigger a full‑scale tariff; the final decision rests solely with the President.

Eligibility Criteria

The tariff trigger applies to the five countries that, over the 12‑month period preceding the law’s enactment, accounted for the highest total imports of Russian oil or gas. The President may set the exact rate, ranging from a modest surcharge to a full 100 % levy.

Potential Gas‑Import Exemption

For nations whose Russian gas imports represent less than 15 % of Russia’s total gas exports during the reference period, and that have demonstrably reduced their reliance on Russian gas, the Act offers a pathway to exemption from gas‑related duties. This clause is designed to reward countries that take concrete steps to diversify their energy supplies.

Targeting Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’

The legislation broadens the sanctions net to include entities tied to Russia’s so‑called “shadow fleet”—a collection of vessels and service providers accused of ferrying Russian energy products while evading existing sanctions. Companies linked to Russia’s defence sector or to sanction‑evasion schemes may also face new restrictions.

Implementation Timeline

The law becomes operative within 30 days of Trump’s signature. From that point forward, the Treasury and State Departments will issue guidance on tariff rates, exemption requests, and the expanded sanctions list.

Strategic Implications

By coupling hefty tariff powers with an enlarged sanctions framework, the United States gains additional leverage over countries that maintain sizable trade ties with Russia’s energy market. The move signals a tougher U.S. stance toward both Moscow’s energy strategy and Tehran’s ongoing cooperation with Russia.

"The Graham Act gives America the tools to protect its allies and deter further aggression," the White House said in a statement.